Ubuntuでのpip install mpi4pyができない

前提・実現したいこと

Bash on Ubuntu on Windows
Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
anaconda3-5.1.0
という環境で
pip install mpi4py
を実行したところ、下のようなメッセージが出ました。

このコマンドをエラーなく実行したいです。

最後の数行にエラーのまとめ的なものがあるのはわかるのですが、
ここから何をすればいいのかわかりません。

要するに
Building wheels for collected packages: mpi4py
ができていないことはわかりました。

発生している問題・エラーメッセージ

username@DESKTOP-F7B6US2:~$ pip install mpi4py
Collecting mpi4py
  Downloading mpi4py-3.0.0.tar.gz (1.4MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 1.0MB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: mpi4py
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mpi4py ... error
  Complete output from command /home/username/anaconda3/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-8zxw1o7r/mpi4py/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpjqih1l9ipip-wheel- --python-tag cp36:
  running bdist_wheel
 
---------------------------------------------- 中略 ----------------------------------------------

  removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o _configtest
  building 'mpi4py.dl' extension
  gcc -pthread -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_DLFCN_H=1 -DHAVE_DLOPEN=1 -I/home/username/anaconda3/include/python3.6m -c src/dynload.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/dynload.o
  gcc -pthread -shared -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -L/home/username/anaconda3/lib -Wl,-rpath=/home/username/anaconda3/lib -Wl,--no-as-needed -Wl,--sysroot=/ build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/dynload.o -Lbuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6 -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/mpi4py/dl.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
  checking for MPI compile and link ...
  gcc -pthread -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/username/anaconda3/include/python3.6m -c _configtest.c -o _configtest.o
  _configtest.c:2:17: fatal error: mpi.h: No such file or directory
  compilation terminated.
  failure.
  removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
  error: Cannot compile MPI programs. Check your configuration!!!

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for mpi4py
  Running setup.py clean for mpi4py
Failed to build mpi4py
Installing collected packages: mpi4py
  Running setup.py install for mpi4py ... error
    Complete output from command /home/username/anaconda3/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-8zxw1o7r/mpi4py/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ublkswyp-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:

---------------------------------------------- 中略 ----------------------------------------------

    removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o _configtest
    checking for function 'dlopen' ...
    gcc -pthread -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/username/anaconda3/include/python3.6m -c _configtest.c -o _configtest.o
    gcc -pthread -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ _configtest.o -Lbuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6 -ldl -o _configtest
    success!
    removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o _configtest
    building 'mpi4py.dl' extension
    gcc -pthread -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_DLFCN_H=1 -DHAVE_DLOPEN=1 -I/home/username/anaconda3/include/python3.6m -c src/dynload.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/dynload.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -L/home/username/anaconda3/lib -Wl,-rpath=/home/username/anaconda3/lib -Wl,--no-as-needed -Wl,--sysroot=/ build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/dynload.o -Lbuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6 -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/mpi4py/dl.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    checking for MPI compile and link ...
    gcc -pthread -B /home/username/anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/username/anaconda3/include/python3.6m -c _configtest.c -o _configtest.o
    _configtest.c:2:17: fatal error: mpi.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    failure.
    removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
    error: Cannot compile MPI programs. Check your configuration!!!

    Command "/home/username/anaconda3/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-8zxw1o7r/mpi4py/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ublkswyp-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-8zxw1o7r/mpi4py/