旧tensorflowしか使えないパソコンでkerasを動かしたい。

最新版のtensorflow2.2.0を入れ（pip install)、インポートすると動きません。


In []: import tensorflow as tf                                                  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py in <module>
     57 
---> 58   from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
     59 

~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py in <module>
     27             return _mod
---> 28     _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
     29     del swig_import_helper

~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py in swig_import_helper()
     23             try:
---> 24                 _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
     25             finally:

/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/imp.py in load_module(name, file, filename, details)
    241         else:
--> 242             return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
    243     elif type_ == PKG_DIRECTORY:

/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/imp.py in load_dynamic(name, path, file)
    341             name=name, loader=loader, origin=path)
--> 342         return _load(spec)
    343 

ImportError: dlopen(/Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so, 6): Symbol not found: _SecKeyCopyExternalRepresentation
  Referenced from: /Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/../libtensorflow_framework.2.dylib
  Expected in: /System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security
 in /Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/../libtensorflow_framework.2.dylib

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-d6579f534729> in <module>
----> 1 import tensorflow

~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py in <module>
     39 import sys as _sys
     40 
---> 41 from tensorflow.python.tools import module_util as _module_util
     42 from tensorflow.python.util.lazy_loader import LazyLoader as _LazyLoader
     43 

~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py in <module>
     48 import numpy as np
     49 
---> 50 from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
     51 
     52 # Protocol buffers

~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py in <module>
     67 for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
     68 above this error message when asking for help.""" % traceback.format_exc()
---> 69   raise ImportError(msg)
     70 
     71 # pylint: enable=wildcard-import,g-import-not-at-top,unused-import,line-too-long

ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "/Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "/Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so, 6): Symbol not found: _SecKeyCopyExternalRepresentation
  Referenced from: /Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/../libtensorflow_framework.2.dylib
  Expected in: /System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security
 in /Users/名前/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/../libtensorflow_framework.2.dylib


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

恐らくMacのOSが10.11で古いことが関係しているのだと思われます。

そこでhttps://qiita.com/hitokuno/items/f92a7a9f9bb9cd326eb4
を参考にしてTensorFlow v0.11.0 RC1を入れたところ動作しました。しかしkerasを使うとエラーが出てしまいました。

In []: import keras                                                             
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/keras/__init__.py in <module>
      2 try:
----> 3     from tensorflow.keras.layers.experimental.preprocessing import RandomRotation
      4 except ImportError:

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tensorflow.keras'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-88d96843a926> in <module>
----> 1 import keras

~/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/keras/__init__.py in <module>
      4 except ImportError:
      5     raise ImportError(
----> 6         'Keras requires TensorFlow 2.2 or higher. '
      7         'Install TensorFlow via `pip install tensorflow`')
      8 

ImportError: Keras requires TensorFlow 2.2 or higher. Install TensorFlow via `pip install tensorflow`

kerasを使うのが最終目的です。どうすれば解決するでしょうか？

fiveHundred

2020/07/06 02:12

以下の理由により、Google Colabを使うことをおすすめします。 - 初めからtensorflowの環境が整っているため。Kerasもtf.kerasを使えば特に問題ないはず。 - macのGPUは無いか、有ったとしてもNVIDIA製以外か外付けGPUといった具合。tensorflowはNVIDIA製のGPUにしか対応できていない。Google ColabならGoogleが用意したクラウド上の環境で実行するため自分のパソコンのスペックは問わないし、（ある程度の制限はあるが）GPUの環境も使える。 - 今だとtensorflowのバージョンは2.xなのに、0.11.0とかかなり古くないですか。