【ハマってます】django RuntimeErrorを解決したい

Question

概要

runserverしようとしたところ、
RuntimeError: Model class pairnite.users.models.User doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.
というエラーが出てしまい、色々調べて試してみてを繰り返したのですが、どうにも解決できず、この場で質問させていただきます。
不明な点や足りない部分があれば、お気軽にご質問ください。

環境

Python3.7.3
Django3.0.6

わかる範囲での原因の予想

リアルタイムチャット昨日のため、websocketのchannelsの導入によるエラー

ディレクトリ構造

一番下に記載

コード(足りない部分あれば教えてください)

"""
Django settings for config project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.6.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '&q9t+ez0k4r_ow$vm!y=mlgxtl4qk12ph58jyvg&#05j+tshe1'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.User'


# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'users.apps.UsersConfig',
    'relations.apps.RelationsConfig',
    # フォーム処理用
    "widget_tweaks",
    'chat.apps.ChatConfig',
    # # リアルタイムチャット実現用
    'channels',
]


MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'config.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'config.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ja'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Tokyo'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# アイコン画像の保存先設定
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

# ログイン後のリダイレクト先
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "users:home"
# ログアウト後のリダイレクト先
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "users:index"
# Channelsを有効化。channelsは非同期処理をサポートする。
# https://qiita.com/massa142/items/cbd508efe0c45b618b34#:~:text=Django%20Channels%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&text=Channels%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81Django%E3%81%8CWebSocket,%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'config.routing.application'
# channel layerの有効化。channel layerは複数ユーザーの間でメッセージを共有できる仕組み。docker環境に写したとき、hostsの第一引数をredisに変えた方がいいかも。
# http://www.denzow.me/entry/2018/04/03/002351
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [("127.0.0.1", 6379)],
        },
    },
}

from django.urls import path

from . import consumers

websocket_urlpatterns = [
    path('ws/chat/<str:room_name>/', consumers.WSBackend),
]

from django.urls import path
# from .views import index, user, reaction, chat
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
# from .controller import chat_controller
from . import views

app_name = 'chat'

urlpatterns = [
    path('create/<int:user_id>', views.create, name='chat_create'),
    path('show/<int:room_id>', views.show, name='chat_show'),
    path('create/<int:room_id>/messages/', views.messages, name='chat_messages'),
]

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('users/', include('users.urls')),

    # ログイン用
    path('users/', include('django.contrib.auth.urls')),
    # チャット用
    path('chat/', include('chat.urls')),
    # リレーション用
    path('relations/', include('relations.urls')),
]

# 画像をアドミン以外の人でも見れるようにする
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

ディレクトリ構造

量が多いです。
chatディレクトリとconfigディレクトリ以外見る必要ないと思います。

.
├── Pipfile
├── Pipfile.lock
├── chat
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── admin.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── apps.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── chat_controller.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── models.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── urls.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   └── views.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── chat_controller.py
│   ├── consumers.py
│   ├── forms.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── __pycache__
│   │       └── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── routing.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── views.py
├── config
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── routing.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── settings.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── urls.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   └── wsgi.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── routing.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── db.sqlite3
├── manage.py
├── media
│   └── icon
│       ├── 1487784.jpg
│       ├── Hi_�\202��\203��\203\210�\203\233�\203��\203\210_1.png
│       ├── default.jpg
│       ├── �\202��\202��\203��\203��\203��\202��\203��\203\203�\203\210_2020-06-06_13.34.42.png
│       ├── �\203��\202��\226\207�\227ZZOO_w.jpg
│       └── �\214�\221�\226��\202��\202場�\217模.jpg
├── relations
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── admin.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── apps.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── forms.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── models.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── urls.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   └── views.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── forms.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   ├── 0001_initial.py
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── __pycache__
│   │       ├── 0001_initial.cpython-37.pyc
│   │       └── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── views.py
├── templates
│   ├── base.html
│   ├── chat
│   │   └── chat.html
│   ├── home.html
│   ├── index.html
│   ├── registration
│   │   └── login.html
│   ├── relations
│   │   ├── dislike.html
│   │   └── like.html
│   └── users
│       ├── delete.html
│       ├── detail.html
│       ├── mail_change.html
│       ├── password_change.html
│       ├── password_change_done.html
│       ├── signup.html
│       └── update.html
└── users
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── __pycache__
    │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
    │   ├── admin.cpython-37.pyc
    │   ├── apps.cpython-37.pyc
    │   ├── forms.cpython-37.pyc
    │   ├── mixins.cpython-37.pyc
    │   ├── models.cpython-37.pyc
    │   ├── urls.cpython-37.pyc
    │   └── views.cpython-37.pyc
    ├── admin.py
    ├── apps.py
    ├── forms.py
    ├── migrations
    │   ├── 0001_initial.py
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   └── __pycache__
    │       ├── 0001_initial.cpython-37.pyc
    │       ├── 0002_auto_20200606_1415.cpython-37.pyc
    │       ├── 0003_auto_20200607_1537.cpython-37.pyc
    │       ├── 0004_auto_20200608_0835.cpython-37.pyc
    │       └── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
    ├── mixins.py
    ├── models.py
    ├── tests.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── views.py

Answer 1

setting.pyのINSTALLED_APPSに
'chat.apps.UsersConfig'
もしくは
'users'
の追加が必要な気がします。

Comments

[tonytony]

ご回答いただきありがとうございます。
試してみましたが、解決には至りませんでした。

INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'users.apps.UsersConfig',
'relations.apps.RelationsConfig',
# フォーム処理用
"widget_tweaks",
'chat.apps.ChatConfig',
# # リアルタイムチャット実現用
'channels',
]

ChatConfig自体は問題なく設定できていると思うんですよね......。

[llr114]

Runserverのコマンドを実行した後に、コンソールにエラー文が表示されるということですよね？
RuntimeError: Model class pairnite.users.models.User doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.

以外にも、何か表示されていますでしょうか？
もしあれば全文欲しいです。

[tonytony]

ご返信いただきありがとうございます！
なんとかエラーを解消したい一心です。
以下になります。

Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 917, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 865, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 109, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
raise _exception[1]
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/pairnite/chat/models.py", line 2, in <module>
from pairnite.users.models import Profile
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/pairnite/users/models.py", line 40, in <module>
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
File "/Users/tonytony/PycharmProjects/pairnite/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 115, in __new__
"INSTALLED_APPS." % (module, name)
RuntimeError: Model class pairnite.users.models.User doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.

[llr114]

usersのmodels.pyも見せていただいてもいいですか？
お手数おかけします。

[tonytony]

なんどもありがとうございます！本当に助かります。
こちらになります！

from django.core.validators import MaxValueValidator, MinValueValidator
from django.db import models
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.contrib.auth.models import PermissionsMixin, UserManager
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils import timezone

class CustomUserManager(UserManager):
"""ユーザーマネージャー"""
use_in_migrations = True

def _create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
if not email:
raise ValueError('The given email must be set')
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **extra_fields)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user

def create_user(self, email, password=None, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)

def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
"""カスタムユーザーモデル."""

email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), unique=True)

is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.'),
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as active. '
'Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
),
)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)

objects = CustomUserManager()

EMAIL_FIELD = 'email'
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

class Meta:
verbose_name = _('user')
verbose_name_plural = _('users')

def get_short_name(self):
"""Return the short name for the user."""
return self.email

def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""Send an email to this user."""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)

@property
def username(self):
"""username属性のゲッター

他アプリケーションが、username属性にアクセスした場合に備えて定義
メールアドレスを返す
"""
return self.email

# OneToOneで、ユーザーモデルに紐付ける
class Profile(models.Model):
# 性別,年齢,ゲームデバイス,通話可能か,通話デバイス,プレイスタイル,プレイ時間帯,建築レベル,一言メッセージ
id = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
username = models.CharField(_('user name'), null=True, max_length=20, blank=True)
icon = models.ImageField(blank=True, null=True, upload_to='icon')
gender = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
age = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(12), MaxValueValidator(120)], null=True, blank=True)
game_device = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
voice = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
voice_device = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
play_style = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
play_time = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
craft_level = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
one_message = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, blank=True)

def __str__(self):
return self.username

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
Profile.objects.create(user=instance)

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()

[llr114]

models.pyの

from django.contrib.auth.models import PermissionsMixin, UserManager
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser

を

from django.contrib.auth.models import PermissionsMixin, UserManager, AbstractBaseUser

に変えたらどうでしょうか？