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一つの料理に対して同じ素材が重複してない前提があるなら（一意性制約とかで）、次のように in で条件の素材を羅列して、having で条件の数を指定する、とかでできないでしょうか。
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```sql
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select A.id, A.cook from A
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inner join C on A.id = C.aid
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inner join B on B.id = C.bid
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where B.
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where B.id in (1, 3)
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group by A.id, A.cook
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having count(*) = 2
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```
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```
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distinct で重複を除外してもいいかもしれません。
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```sql
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select A.id, A.cook
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from A
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inner join C on A.id = C.aid
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inner join B on B.id = C.bid
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where B.id in (1, 3)
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group by A.id, A.cook
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having count(distinct B.id) = 2;
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```
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