structの各要素に順番に配列の要素を入れていくやり方はありませんか？

Question

struct food {
    var  Group,FoodNumber,ListNumber,Tagnames,REFUSE,ENERC_KCAL,ENERC,WATER,PROTAIN,PROTCAA,FAT,FATNLEA,FASAT,FAMS,FAPU,CHOLE,CARBON,CHOAVLM,FIBSOL,FIBINS, FIBTG,ASH,NA,K,CA,MG,P,FE,ZN,CU,MN,ID,SE,CR,MO,RETOL,CARTA ,CARTB ,CRYPXB,CARTBEQ,VITA_RAE,VITD,TOCPHA,TOCPHB ,TOCPHG,TOCPHD,VITK,THIAHCL ,RIBF,NIA,VITB6A,VITB12,FOL,PANTAC,BIOT,VITC,NACL_EQ,ALC,NITRA ,THEBRN,CAFFN ,TAN,POLYPHENT,ACEAC,OIL,OA,CHANGEOFWAIT:String
}

こういうStructがあるときに

["01", "01001", "1", "アマランサス　玄穀　", "0", "358", "1498", "13.5", "12.7", "(12.5)", "6.0", "5.0", "1.18", "1.48", "2.10", "(0)", "64.9", "63.5", "1.1", "6.3", "7.4", "2.9", "1", "600", "160", "270", "540", "9.4", "5.8", "0.92", "6.14", "1", "13", "7", "59", "(0)", "0", "2", "0", "2", "Tr", "(0)", "1.3", "2.3", "0.2", "0.7", "(0)", "0.04", "0.14", "1.0", "0.58", "(0)", "130", "1.69", "16.3", "(0)", "0", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-"]

こういう配列があるとして、配列の中の要素をstructに順番に入れていくうまいやり方は有りませんか？

Structの各要素にうまく配列を入れる方法がわかる方がいればよろしければ教えてください

Comments

[fuzzball]

「うまいやり方」とか「うまく配列を入れる方法」を具体的に書いてください。

[KTH]

それを知ってたら自分でやるから質問しないでしょｗｗｗ

[fuzzball]

何をもって「うまい」のか定義しろと言っているのですがね。

Answer 1

そのフィールドの数を見ると、一つ一つに値を入れたくないな〜って思ってしまいますね。残念ながら、structを用いる限り一つ一つに入れるしかありません。

けど、Dictionaryを用いたら便利な書き方があります。まずは、その長いフィールド行をコピーして配列を作ります。

let keys = ["Group","FoodNumber","ListNumber","Tagnames","REFUSE","ENERC_KCAL","ENERC","WATER","PROTAIN","PROTCAA","FAT","FATNLEA","FASAT","FAMS","FAPU","CHOLE","CARBON","CHOAVLM","FIBSOL","FIBINS","FIBTG","ASH","NA","K","CA","MG","P","FE","ZN","CU","MN","ID","SE","CR","MO","RETOL","CARTA","CARTB","CRYPXB","CARTBEQ","VITA_RAE","VITD","TOCPHA","TOCPHB","TOCPHG","TOCPHD","VITK","THIAHCL","RIBF","NIA","VITB6A","VITB12","FOL","PANTAC","BIOT","VITC","NACL_EQ","ALC","NITRA ","THEBRN","CAFFN ","TAN","POLYPHENT","ACEAC","OIL","OA","CHANGEOFWAIT"]

配列にするのは、前後に["と"]をつけて、その1行だけにコンマ,を検索して","で書き換えます。空白がいくつかありますが削除していいです。

そうしたら、問題文の値の配列をvaluesで名付けて：

let values = ["01", "01001", "1", "アマランサス　玄穀　", "0", "358", "1498", "13.5", "12.7", "(12.5)", "6.0", "5.0", "1.18", "1.48", "2.10", "(0)", "64.9", "63.5", "1.1", "6.3", "7.4", "2.9", "1", "600", "160", "270", "540", "9.4", "5.8", "0.92", "6.14", "1", "13", "7", "59", "(0)", "0", "2", "0", "2", "Tr", "(0)", "1.3", "2.3", "0.2", "0.7", "(0)", "0.04", "0.14", "1.0", "0.58", "(0)", "130", "1.69", "16.3", "(0)", "0", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-"]

そしてkeysとvaluesで簡単にDictionaryを作れます！

let food = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: zip(keys, values))

---

どうしてもstructを使わなければいけない場合は、コードを生成しましょう！REPL でコードを生成してコピーし、ソースにペーストしたいと思います。fuzzballさんのコードをテンプレートにして

struct Food {
    var  Group,FoodNumber,ListNumber,Tagnames,REFUSE,ENERC_KCAL,ENERC,WATER,PROTAIN,PROTCAA,FAT,FATNLEA,FASAT,FAMS,FAPU,CHOLE,CARBON,CHOAVLM,FIBSOL,FIBINS, FIBTG,ASH,NA,K,CA,MG,P,FE,ZN,CU,MN,ID,SE,CR,MO,RETOL,CARTA ,CARTB ,CRYPXB,CARTBEQ,VITA_RAE,VITD,TOCPHA,TOCPHB ,TOCPHG,TOCPHD,VITK,THIAHCL ,RIBF,NIA,VITB6A,VITB12,FOL,PANTAC,BIOT,VITC,NACL_EQ,ALC,NITRA ,THEBRN,CAFFN ,TAN,POLYPHENT,ACEAC,OIL,OA,CHANGEOFWAIT:String
    init(withValues values: [String]) {
        // 中身
        // self.フィールド名 = values[i]
    }
}

まずはフィールド列を文字列にします：

var fieldList = "Group,FoodNumber,ListNumber,Tagnames,REFUSE,ENERC_KCAL,ENERC,WATER,PROTAIN,PROTCAA,FAT,FATNLEA,FASAT,FAMS,FAPU,CHOLE,CARBON,CHOAVLM,FIBSOL,FIBINS, FIBTG,ASH,NA,K,CA,MG,P,FE,ZN,CU,MN,ID,SE,CR,MO,RETOL,CARTA ,CARTB ,CRYPXB,CARTBEQ,VITA_RAE,VITD,TOCPHA,TOCPHB ,TOCPHG,TOCPHD,VITK,THIAHCL ,RIBF,NIA,VITB6A,VITB12,FOL,PANTAC,BIOT,VITC,NACL_EQ,ALC,NITRA ,THEBRN,CAFFN ,TAN,POLYPHENT,ACEAC,OIL,OA,CHANGEOFWAIT"

空白を抜きおいて：

fieldList.removeAll(where: { $0.isWhitespace })

フィールド名配列をsplitで作ります：

let fieldNames = fieldList.split(separator: ",")

そうしたら、init(withValues: [String])の中身を生成します：

for (index, name) in fieldNames.enumerated() {
    print("self.(name) = values[(index)]")
}

結果は下記の通りです。是非お試してみてください。

self.Group = values[0]
self.FoodNumber = values[1]
self.ListNumber = values[2]
self.Tagnames = values[3]
self.REFUSE = values[4]
self.ENERC_KCAL = values[5]
self.ENERC = values[6]
self.WATER = values[7]
self.PROTAIN = values[8]
self.PROTCAA = values[9]
self.FAT = values[10]
self.FATNLEA = values[11]
self.FASAT = values[12]
self.FAMS = values[13]
self.FAPU = values[14]
self.CHOLE = values[15]
self.CARBON = values[16]
self.CHOAVLM = values[17]
self.FIBSOL = values[18]
self.FIBINS = values[19]
self.FIBTG = values[20]
self.ASH = values[21]
self.NA = values[22]
self.K = values[23]
self.CA = values[24]
self.MG = values[25]
self.P = values[26]
self.FE = values[27]
self.ZN = values[28]
self.CU = values[29]
self.MN = values[30]
self.ID = values[31]
self.SE = values[32]
self.CR = values[33]
self.MO = values[34]
self.RETOL = values[35]
self.CARTA = values[36]
self.CARTB = values[37]
self.CRYPXB = values[38]
self.CARTBEQ = values[39]
self.VITA_RAE = values[40]
self.VITD = values[41]
self.TOCPHA = values[42]
self.TOCPHB = values[43]
self.TOCPHG = values[44]
self.TOCPHD = values[45]
self.VITK = values[46]
self.THIAHCL = values[47]
self.RIBF = values[48]
self.NIA = values[49]
self.VITB6A = values[50]
self.VITB12 = values[51]
self.FOL = values[52]
self.PANTAC = values[53]
self.BIOT = values[54]
self.VITC = values[55]
self.NACL_EQ = values[56]
self.ALC = values[57]
self.NITRA = values[58]
self.THEBRN = values[59]
self.CAFFN = values[60]
self.TAN = values[61]
self.POLYPHENT = values[62]
self.ACEAC = values[63]
self.OIL = values[64]
self.OA = values[65]
self.CHANGEOFWAIT = values[66]

---

追記：fuzzballさんがリフレクションの使い方を教えてくれました！ありがとうございます！

struct Food { var Group, FoodNumber, (中略) : String? } //一時的にオプショナル型にする

Mirror(reflecting: Food()).children.compactMap { $0.label }.enumerated().forEach {
    print("self.($0.element) = values[($0.offset)]") 
} 

struct Foodの中のvarの型が元はStringですが、Food()を使えるようになるため、String?みたいに?で後飾ってオプショナル型にします。

compactMapとforEachが実にいいことで覚えるのをおすすめですが、for loopで書いたらこうなります：

for (offset, (label, _)) Mirror(reflecting: Food()).children.enumerated() {
    print("self.(label) = values[(offset)]")
}

出力は上記と同じになります。

Comments

[fuzzball]

リフレクションを使うと、わざわざテーブルを作らなくても名前を取り出せます。

struct Food { var Group, FoodNumber, (中略) : String? } //一時的にオプショナル型にする

Mirror(reflecting: Food()).children.compactMap { $0.label }.enumerated().forEach { print("self.($0.element) = values[($0.offset)]") }

[YufanLou]

リフレクションを使おうとしましたけどinitに値を入れなければならなかったのでやめました。なるほど、オプショナル型にすればデフォルトinitで空でも大丈夫ですね！勉強になりました！

Answer 2

普通に

let values = ["01", "01001", "1", "アマランサス　玄穀　"]
struct Food {
    var group, foodNumber, listNumber, tagnames: String
}
let food = Food(group: values[0], foodNumber: values[1], listNumber: values[2], tagnames: values[3])
print("group:", food.group)
print("foodNumber:", food.foodNumber)
print("listNumber:", food.listNumber)
print("tagnames:", food.tagnames)
//group: 01
//foodNumber: 01001
//listNumber: 1
//tagnames: アマランサス　玄穀　

初期化をシンプルに

let values = ["01", "01001", "1", "アマランサス　玄穀　"]
struct Food {
    var group, foodNumber, listNumber, tagnames: String
    init(_ values: [String]) {
        group = values[0]
        foodNumber = values[1]
        listNumber = values[2]
        tagnames = values[3]
    }
}
let food = Food(values) //simple!
print("group:", food.group)
print("foodNumber:", food.foodNumber)
print("listNumber:", food.listNumber)
print("tagnames:", food.tagnames)
//group: 01
//foodNumber: 01001
//listNumber: 1
//tagnames: アマランサス　玄穀　

Comments

[fuzzball]

（修正済）