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`pie` function のソースコードを見ると、以下の部分でラベルを描画しています。`lines()` で `tick`(いわゆるヒゲ)、`text()` でラベルを描いているわけですが、`1.05` とか `1.1` という係数を書き替えます。
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```r
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if (!is.na(lab) && nzchar(lab)) {
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lines(c(1, 1.05) * P$x, c(1, 1.05) * P$y)
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text(1.1 * P$x, 1.1 * P$y, labels[i], xpd = TRUE,
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adj = ifelse(P$x < 0, 1, 0), ...)
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}
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```
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cols <- brewer.pal(length(islands), "Set2")
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`R` では monkey patching などということはできないので、`pie()` function のコードをコピペして別名で定義します。そして、`pie chart` の内側にラベルを描くため、先程の係数を調整します。
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```r
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if (!is.na(lab) && nzchar(lab)) {
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lines(c(1, 0.95) * P$x, c(1, 0.95) * P$y)
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text(0.92 * P$x, 0.85 * P$y, labels[i], xpd = TRUE,
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adj = ifelse(P$x > 0, 1, 0), ...)
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}
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```
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以下、`pie315` という関数名を付けて使います。
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```r
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pie315 <- function (x, labels = names(x), edges = 200, radius = 0.8, clockwise = FALSE,
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init.angle = if (clockwise) 90 else 0, density = NULL, angle = 45,
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col = NULL, border = NULL, lty = NULL, main = NULL, ...)
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{
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if (!is.numeric(x) || any(is.na(x) | x < 0))
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stop("'x' values must be positive.")
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if (is.null(labels))
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labels <- as.character(seq_along(x))
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else labels <- as.graphicsAnnot(labels)
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x <- c(0, cumsum(x)/sum(x))
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dx <- diff(x)
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nx <- length(dx)
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plot.new()
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pin <- par("pin")
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xlim <- ylim <- c(-1, 1)
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if (pin[1L] > pin[2L])
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xlim <- (pin[1L]/pin[2L]) * xlim
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else ylim <- (pin[2L]/pin[1L]) * ylim
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dev.hold()
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on.exit(dev.flush())
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plot.window(xlim, ylim, "", asp = 1)
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if (is.null(col))
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col <- if (is.null(density))
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c("white", "lightblue", "mistyrose", "lightcyan",
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"lavender", "cornsilk")
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else par("fg")
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if (!is.null(col))
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col <- rep_len(col, nx)
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if (!is.null(border))
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border <- rep_len(border, nx)
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if (!is.null(lty))
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lty <- rep_len(lty, nx)
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angle <- rep(angle, nx)
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if (!is.null(density))
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density <- rep_len(density, nx)
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twopi <- if (clockwise)
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-2 * pi
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else 2 * pi
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t2xy <- function(t) {
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t2p <- twopi * t + init.angle * pi/180
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list(x = radius * cos(t2p), y = radius * sin(t2p))
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}
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for (i in 1L:nx) {
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n <- max(2, floor(edges * dx[i]))
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P <- t2xy(seq.int(x[i], x[i + 1], length.out = n))
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polygon(c(P$x, 0), c(P$y, 0), density = density[i], angle = angle[i],
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border = border[i], col = col[i], lty = lty[i])
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P <- t2xy(mean(x[i + 0:1]))
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lab <- as.character(labels[i])
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if (!is.na(lab) && nzchar(lab)) {
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lines(c(1, 0.95) * P$x, c(1, 0.95) * P$y)
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text(0.92 * P$x, 0.85 * P$y, labels[i], xpd = TRUE,
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adj = ifelse(P$x > 0, 1, 0), ...)
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}
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}
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title(main = main, ...)
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invisible(NULL)
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}
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png("graph.png", width = 800, height = 700) # 描画デバイスを開く
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x <- c(20, 15, 10, 5)
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# 外側の円
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pie315(x, # ダミー
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radius=0.8, # 半径
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clockwise=T,
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labels=c("A","B","C","D"),
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cex=2,
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col=c("black","yellow","red","blue"))
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# 重ね描き
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par(new=TRUE)
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pie(usa, radius=0.7, clockwise=TRUE, border="white", labels=head(names(usa),4), col=cols3)
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pie315(x,
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radius=0.6, # 半径
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clockwise=T,
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labels=c("A","B","C","D"),
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cex=2,
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col=c("red","green","blue","gray"))
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# 重ね描き
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par(new=TRUE)
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# 中央の白円
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pie315(1, # ダミー
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radius=0.4, # 半径
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col="white", # 領域の色
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border="white", # 枠線の色
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labels="") # ラベル非表示
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# テキストの挿入
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text(0, 0, # 挿入位置
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labels="pie12",
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cex=3,
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col="red")
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dev.off()
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```
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