回答編集履歴
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サンプルコマンド
test
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#### イメージの作り方
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https://docs.docker.jp/engine/reference/commandline/commit.html
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の**コンテナのコミットを参照**
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#### vimのあるコンテナを作るサンプル
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1.コンテナを作る&プロセス確認する
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```
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docker run --name testpine -it -d alpine:latest
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docker ps
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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3ced094511c0 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 41 seconds ago Up 40 seconds testpine
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```
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2.(b)ashでコンテナに入ってvimが無い事を確認する
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```
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docker exec -it testpine ash
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/ # vim
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ash: vim: not found
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```
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3.vimをインストールして、コンテナを抜けて、もう一回入ってvimがある事を確認する
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```
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/ # apk add vim
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fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.14/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
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fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.14/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
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(1/5) Installing xxd (8.2.3437-r0)
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(2/5) Installing lua5.3-libs (5.3.6-r0)
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(3/5) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.2_p20210612-r0)
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(4/5) Installing ncurses-libs (6.2_p20210612-r0)
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(5/5) Installing vim (8.2.3437-r0)
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Executing busybox-1.33.1-r6.trigger
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OK: 25 MiB in 19 packages
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/ # which vim
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/usr/bin/vim
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/ # exit
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docker exec -it testpine ash
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/ # which vim
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/usr/bin/vim
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※当然vim見つかる
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/ # exit
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```
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4.イメージを作る&イメージを作れたことを確認する
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```
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docker ps
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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3ced094511c0 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes testpine
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docker commit 3ced094511c0 testpine:1.0
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docker images|findstr testpine
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testpine 1.0 a3601fa6e12e 22 seconds ago 24.6MB
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```
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5.作ったイメージを元にコンテナを作り、vimがある事を確認する
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```
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docker run --rm -it testpine:1.0 ash
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/ # which vim
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/usr/bin/vim
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※無事にvimは見つかる
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```
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----
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#### 旧回答
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1
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> コンテナ再起動後にも保持させたい。
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