回答編集履歴
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C++17以降で良ければ、`static inline ～`で宣言時に初期化もできますよ。
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[インライン変数](https://cpprefjp.github.io/lang/cpp17/inline_variables.html)
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```C++
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class Atom {
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public:
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enum Type { H, He, Li };
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static inline const std::vector<std::string> Name = { "Hydrogen", "Helium", "Lithium" };
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};
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class Permisson {
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public:
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enum Type { Read = 1, Write = 2, Execute = 4 };
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static inline const std::map<int, std::string> Name = {
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{Permisson::Read, "Read"},
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{Permisson::Write, "Write"},
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{Permisson::Execute, "Execute"},
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};
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};
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```
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