エラーコードのどこを読めばいいのかわかりません

Question

rails初心者です。
testを実行した結果、エラーがたくさんでたのですが、たくさん出すぎてどこを読んで直せばいいのかわかりません。
ご教授願います
また、読むべき場所を探すコツも教えてくださるとたすかります。

Running via Spring preloader in process 23509
Traceback (most recent call last):
	29: from -e:1:in `<main>'
	28: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
	27: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
	26: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
	25: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
	24: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `block in load'
	23: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
	22: from /home/vagrant/ruby_lessons/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
	21: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
	20: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
	19: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
	18: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
	17: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
	16: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/command.rb:44:in `invoke'
	15: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/command/base.rb:63:in `perform'
	14: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.0/lib/thor.rb:387:in `dispatch'
	13: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.0/lib/thor/invocation.rb:126:in `invoke_command'
	12: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.0/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
	11: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/test/test_command.rb:38:in `perform'
	10: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/runner.rb:39:in `run'
	 9: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/runner.rb:50:in `load_tests'
	 8: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/runner.rb:50:in `each'
	 7: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/runner.rb:50:in `block in load_tests'
	 6: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
	 5: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
	 4: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
	 3: from /home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
	 2: from /home/vagrant/ruby_lessons/sample_app/test/integration/users_signup_test.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
	 1: from /home/vagrant/ruby_lessons/sample_app/test/integration/users_signup_test.rb:5:in `<class:UsersSignupTest>'
/home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/testing/declarative.rb:14:in `test': test_invalid_signup_information is already defined in UsersSignupTest (RuntimeError)

Answer 1

これはエラーがたくさん出ているのではなく関数の呼び出し順（スタックトレース）を表示しているだけで、実際のエラーメッセージはこの１行です。

/home/vagrant/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/testing/declarative.rb:14:in `test': test_invalid_signup_information is already defined in UsersSignupTest (RuntimeError)

エラーの意味はわかりますか？

---

エラーの読み方ですが、Tracebackと書かれている行から下にちょっとインデントがありますよね。この部分は全部Tracebackの内容です。
で、最後にインデントが終了してエラーメッセージが具体的に

test_invalid_signup_information is already defined in UsersSignupTest (RuntimeError)

と表示されていますよね。

Comments

[Yaiba184]

回答ありがとうございます！
すみません、エラーの意味はわかりません。。。

undefindってことはテストが見当たらないってことなんですかね？
ちゃんと存在しているんですが・・・
やっぱりわかりません

[mather]

いやいや、思い込みで全く読めてませんよ。undefinedなんて書いてありません。
Google翻訳でも使ってみてください。

[mkgrei]

already defined
重複定義です。